Here’s the original Ruby code ported to Crystal with StumpyPNG:
require "stumpy_png"
struct Vector
getter x, y, z
def initialize(@x : Float64, @y : Float64, @z : Float64)
end
def self.times(k, v)
Vector.new(k * v.x, k * v.y, k * v.z)
end
def self.times(k, v)
Vector.new(k * v.x, k * v.y, k * v.z)
end
def self.minus(v1, v2)
Vector.new(v1.x - v2.x, v1.y - v2.y, v1.z - v2.z)
end
def self.plus(v1, v2)
Vector.new(v1.x + v2.x, v1.y + v2.y, v1.z + v2.z)
end
def self.dot(v1, v2)
v1.x * v2.x + v1.y * v2.y + v1.z * v2.z
end
def self.mag(v)
Math.sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y + v.z * v.z)
end
def self.norm(v)
mag = Vector.mag(v)
if (mag == 0)
div = Float64::INFINITY
else
div = 1.0 / mag
end
Vector.times(div, v)
end
def self.cross(v1, v2)
Vector.new(v1.y * v2.z - v1.z * v2.y, v1.z * v2.x - v1.x * v2.z, v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x)
end
end
struct Color
getter r, g, b
def initialize(@r : Float64, @g : Float64, @b : Float64)
end
def self.scale(k, v)
Color.new(k * v.r, k * v.g, k * v.b)
end
def self.plus(v1, v2)
Color.new(v1.r + v2.r, v1.g + v2.g, v1.b + v2.b)
end
def self.times(v1, v2)
Color.new(v1.r * v2.r, v1.g * v2.g, v1.b * v2.b)
end
def self.toDrawingColor(c)
clamp = ->(d : Float64) do
return 1 if d > 1
return 0 if d < 0
return d
end
r = (clamp.call(c.r)*255).floor
g = (clamp.call(c.g)*255).floor
b = (clamp.call(c.b)*255).floor
{r, g, b}
end
end
Color_white = Color.new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Color_grey = Color.new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
Color_black = Color.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
Color_background = Color_black
Color_defaultColor = Color_black
class Camera
getter pos, forward, right, up
def initialize(pos : Vector, lookAt)
down = Vector.new(0.0, -1.0, 0.0)
@pos = pos
@forward = Vector.norm(Vector.minus(lookAt, @pos))
@right = Vector.times(1.5, Vector.norm(Vector.cross(@forward, down)))
@up = Vector.times(1.5, Vector.norm(Vector.cross(@forward, @right)))
end
end
record Ray, start : Vector, dir : Vector
record Intersection, thing : Thing, ray : Ray, dist : Float64
record Light, pos : Vector, color : Color
abstract class Thing
end
class Sphere < Thing
@radius2 : Float64
def initialize(@center : Vector, radius : Float64, @_surface : Surface)
@radius2 = radius*radius
end
def normal(pos)
Vector.norm(Vector.minus(pos, @center))
end
def surface
@_surface
end
def intersect(ray)
eo = Vector.minus(@center, ray.start)
v = Vector.dot(eo, ray.dir)
dist = 0.0
if (v >= 0)
disc = @radius2 - (Vector.dot(eo, eo) - v * v)
if (disc >= 0)
dist = v - Math.sqrt(disc)
end
end
if (dist == 0)
return nil
end
Intersection.new(self, ray, dist)
end
end
class Plane < Thing
def initialize(@_norm : Vector, @offset : Float64, @_surface : Surface)
end
def normal(pos)
return @_norm
end
def intersect(ray)
denom = Vector.dot(@_norm, ray.dir)
return nil if (denom > 0)
dist = (Vector.dot(@_norm, ray.start) + @offset) / (-denom)
return Intersection.new(self, ray, dist)
end
def surface
@_surface
end
end
abstract class Surface
end
class ShinySurface < Surface
def diffuse(pos)
return Color_white
end
def specular(pos)
return Color_grey
end
def reflect(pos)
return 0.7
end
def roughness
return 250
end
end
class CheckerboardSurface < Surface
def diffuse(pos)
return Color_white if ((pos.z).floor + (pos.x).floor) % 2 != 0
return Color_black
end
def specular(pos)
return Color_white
end
def reflect(pos)
return 0.1 if ((pos.z).floor + (pos.x).floor) % 2 != 0
return 0.7
end
def roughness
return 250
end
end
Surface_shiny = ShinySurface.new
Surface_checkerboard = CheckerboardSurface.new
class RayTracer
MaxDepth = 5
def intersections(ray, scene)
closest = Float64::INFINITY
closestInter = nil
scene.things.each do |item|
inter = item.intersect(ray)
if inter && inter.dist < closest
closestInter = inter
closest = inter.dist
end
end
return closestInter
end
def testRay(ray, scene)
isect = self.intersections(ray, scene)
return isect.dist if isect
return nil
end
def traceRay(ray, scene, depth)
isect = self.intersections(ray, scene)
return Color_background if isect.nil?
return self.shade(isect, scene, depth)
end
def shade(isect : Intersection, scene, depth)
d = isect.ray.dir
pos = Vector.plus(Vector.times(isect.dist, d), isect.ray.start)
normal = isect.thing.normal(pos)
reflectDir = Vector.minus(d, Vector.times(2, Vector.times(Vector.dot(normal, d), normal)))
naturalColor = Color.plus(Color_background, self.getNaturalColor(isect.thing, pos, normal, reflectDir, scene))
if (depth >= MaxDepth)
reflectedColor = Color_grey
else
reflectedColor = self.getReflectionColor(isect.thing, pos, normal, reflectDir, scene, depth)
end
return Color.plus(naturalColor, reflectedColor)
end
def getReflectionColor(thing, pos, normal, rd, scene, depth)
return Color.scale(thing.surface.reflect(pos), self.traceRay(Ray.new(pos, rd), scene, depth + 1))
end
def getNaturalColor(thing, pos, norm, rd, scene)
color = Color_defaultColor
scene.lights.each do |light|
color = self.addLight(color, light, pos, norm, scene, thing, rd)
end
return color
end
def addLight(col, light, pos, norm, scene, thing, rd)
ldis = Vector.minus(light.pos, pos)
livec = Vector.norm(ldis)
neatIsect = self.testRay(Ray.new(pos, livec), scene)
isInShadow = false
isInShadow = neatIsect <= Vector.mag(ldis) if neatIsect
return col if isInShadow
illum = Vector.dot(livec, norm)
lcolor = Color_defaultColor
lcolor = Color.scale(illum, light.color) if illum > 0
specular = Vector.dot(livec, Vector.norm(rd))
scolor = Color_defaultColor
scolor = Color.scale(specular ** thing.surface.roughness, light.color) if (specular > 0)
return Color.plus(col, Color.plus(Color.times(thing.surface.diffuse(pos), lcolor), Color.times(thing.surface.specular(pos), scolor)))
end
def getPoint(x : Int32, y : Int32, camera, screenWidth, screenHeight)
recenterX = ->(x : Int32) do
(x - (screenWidth / 2.0)) / 2.0 / screenWidth
end
recenterY = ->(y : Int32) do
-(y - (screenHeight / 2.0)) / 2.0 / screenHeight
end
return Vector.norm(Vector.plus(camera.forward, Vector.plus(Vector.times(recenterX.call(x), camera.right), Vector.times(recenterY.call(y), camera.up))))
end
def render(scene, image, screenWidth, screenHeight)
(0..screenHeight - 1).each do |y|
(0..screenWidth - 1).each do |x|
color = self.traceRay(Ray.new(scene.camera.pos, self.getPoint(x, y, scene.camera, screenWidth, screenHeight)), scene, 0)
r, g, b = Color.toDrawingColor(color)
image.set(x, y, StumpyCore::RGBA.from_rgb(r, g, b))
end
end
end
end
class DefaultScene
getter :things, :lights, :camera
def initialize
@things = [
Plane.new(Vector.new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), 0.0, Surface_checkerboard),
Sphere.new(Vector.new(0.0, 1.0, -0.25), 1.0, Surface_shiny),
Sphere.new(Vector.new(-1.0, 0.5, 1.5), 0.5, Surface_shiny),
]
@lights = [
Light.new(Vector.new(-2.0, 2.5, 0.0), Color.new(0.49, 0.07, 0.07)),
Light.new(Vector.new(1.5, 2.5, 1.5), Color.new(0.07, 0.07, 0.49)),
Light.new(Vector.new(1.5, 2.5, -1.5), Color.new(0.07, 0.49, 0.071)),
Light.new(Vector.new(0.0, 3.5, 0.0), Color.new(0.21, 0.21, 0.35)),
]
@camera = Camera.new(Vector.new(3.0, 2.0, 4.0), Vector.new(-1.0, 0.5, 0.0))
end
end
width = 500
height = 500
image = StumpyCore::Canvas.new(width, height)
t1 = Time.monotonic
rayTracer = RayTracer.new
scene = DefaultScene.new
rayTracer.render(scene, image, width, height)
t2 = Time.monotonic
puts "Completed in #{(t2 - t1).total_milliseconds}ms"
StumpyPNG.write(image, "ruby.png")
Compiled in release mode it runs in about 100ms, so more than 100x faster than the Ruby version. Here’s the output I get:
, I can try to do the raytracer for the comparison page.
